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Native Language
The primary language used by an individual.

Near Point Copying
Writing while copying from a model close at hand.

Neologism
Made-up word that only has meaning to the child or adult.

Neonatal
The time usually associated with the period between the onset of labor and six weeks following birth.

Neural Tube Defect
A birth defect occurring in the brain or spinal cord causing extensive damage to the fetus; many times results in death at birth or soon after.

Neuroleptics
Agents or drugs that modify psychotic behavior; in general, the term is synonymous with antipsychotics.

Neurological Examination
Testing of the sensory or motor responses to determine if there is impairment of the nervous system.

Neurologic Impairment
Any physical disability caused by damage to the central nervous system (brain, spinal cord, ganglia, and nerves).

Neurologist
Physician who assesses for potential damage to the brain and may provide medication to assist in enhancing brain function.

Neuropsychologist
Psychologist who assesses for possible impaired areas of the brain that might be affecting verbal and non-verbal functions in learning and social skills on the behavioral level; provides interventions to help maximize cognitive strengths and minimize weaknesses.

Neurotransmitters
Chemicals that transmit messages across the synaptic gap between dendrites in order to excite other neurons in the brain and nervous system.

Noncategorical
Refers to a system of grouping handicapped children together without reference to a particular label or category of exceptionality.

Nonverbal Learning Disabilities
Learning disabilities that are associated with non-linguistic mental functions (i.e. kinesthetic coordination, social/emotional deficits).

Norm
A statistic that provides a frame of reference by which meaning may be given to test scores; norms are based upon the actual performance of pupils of various grades or ages in the standardization group for the test.

Normal Curve
A mathematically derived curve depicting the theoretical probability or distribution of a given variable (such as a physical trait or test score) in the general population.

Normalization
The idea that individuals with disabilities should, to the maximum extent possible, be physically and socially integrated into the mainstream of society regardless of the degree or type of disability.

Norm-Referenced Tests
A class of assessments that compare a student’s performance to the performance of a norm-referenced group; these tests result in a grade equivalent or standardized score rather than a set of objectives for future instruction; also called standardized tests.

Numeral
A digit that has been written down.

Numeration
The ability to count or understand a series of numbers and the logical, sequential connection between them.

Nystagmus
A rapid, involuntary, rhythmic movement of the eyes that may cause difficulty in reading or fixating on an object.

 

 *See Reference Information

 

Last Updated on June 20, 2010

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